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Enlarged Spleen

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Enlarged Spleen

The spleen is a lymphatic organ that helps to prevent your body from infection. The size and shape of the spleen vary from person to person, but it's usually purple, fist-shaped, and around 4 inches long. As the spleen is hidden behind the rib cage, it is difficult to feel unless it is exceptionally large.

The spleen performs many functions in the body. Being part of the immune system, it functions as a blood filter. The spleen recycles old red blood cells while also storing white blood cells and platelets. In addition, the spleen greatly helps fight against several bacteria that cause meningitis and pneumonia.

Enlarged Spleen

How Does an Enlarged Spleen Develop?

An enlarged spleen is referred to as splenomegaly. Liver disease, viral mononucleosis, blood cancers (leukemia and lymphoma), and other conditions can cause spleen enlargement.

Generally, your spleen will enlarge if it works too much (anemia) or if it is infiltrated by blood cancer (lymphoma and leukemia).

More platelets and red blood cells fit within your spleen when it is swollen, and it eliminates platelets and red blood cells from circulation more quickly than they should. This lowers the quantity of these cells in your bloodstream, which can lead to low red blood cell count (anemia) or low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) – or worsen existing disorders. Splenectomy and chemotherapy are the two best options to reduce spleen size.

Symptoms of the Enlarged Spleen:

  • Pain in the upper left side of your abdomen
  • Feeling your stomach full as soon as eating.
  • Tiredness
  • Shortness of breath during physical activity.
  • Getting infected soon than usual

If you notice any of these signs, contact our hematologist in Hyderabad. He may be able to sense your spleen while he checks you if it is very enlarged.

Who Needs Splenectomy?

If your lymphoma has caused your spleen to enlarge, our doctor may recommend chemotherapy to reduce it. However, in few cases of ITP, diseases with massive spleen causing symptoms,a treatment calledsplenectomy might be performed.

Our physician will talk about your specific situation. If a splenectomy is the best choice for you, he will recommend it. Book your appointment if you notice the above symptoms of enlarged spleen or for any treatment regarding blood disorders or cancer.

Enlarged Spleen Frequently Asked Questions

An enlarged spleen, also known as splenomegaly, is a condition where the spleen becomes larger than its normal size. It can be caused by various factors such as liver disease, viral infections, or blood cancers.

The symptoms of an enlarged spleen may vary, but common signs include pain in the upper left side of the abdomen, feeling full quickly, tiredness, shortness of breath during physical activity, and increased susceptibility to infections.

To diagnose an enlarged spleen, your hematologist may perform a physical examination, conduct blood tests, and recommend imaging studies such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualize the size and condition of the spleen.

In most cases, an enlarged spleen can be managed without surgery. Treatment options may include addressing the underlying cause, such as treating infections, managing liver disease, or using medications to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.

In certain cases where the spleen is severely enlarged or causing significant symptoms, a splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen) may be recommended. This decision is made after carefully evaluating the individual's condition and considering alternative treatment options.

While a splenectomy can effectively reduce spleen size and alleviate symptoms, it does carry some risks. After spleen removal, individuals may have an increased risk of certain infections, such as bacterial infections. Vaccinations and preventive measures are often recommended to minimize these risks.

The recovery period after a splenectomy can vary depending on individual factors and the specific procedure performed. In general, most individuals can expect to stay in the hospital for a few days after surgery and may need several weeks to fully recover. Your hematologist will provide specific guidance and instructions.

In some cases, the spleen can regenerate or other organs may compensate for its functions, causing the spleen to return to its enlarged size even after a splenectomy. Regular follow-up appointments and monitoring are essential to detect any changes or complications.

Preventing an enlarged spleen often involves addressing the underlying causes or conditions that contribute to its enlargement. This may include managing infections, treating liver diseases, and following a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet.

For more information about enlarged spleen, its causes, diagnosis, and treatment options, you can schedule an appointment with our hematologist or visit our website for resources and educational materials specifically tailored to your needs.
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Dr Himanshu Chaturvedi is a consultant in Hematology, Hemato-Oncology and Transfusion Medicine at Hemogen clinic and Cosmos Hospital in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh.

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